Idiopathic scoliosis is a deformity of the spine, in a healthy child, without being able to establish a cause that produces it. It is defined as a lateral deformity of the spine in the frontal plane, which is accompanied by rotation of the vertebral bodies.

It is classified into three groups according to the age of appearance: infant, juvenile and teenager.

• Infant: it appears before three years of age, especially before 6 months of age. Most resolve spontaneously, although a small group suffer a progressive worsening of the vertebral deformity requiring corrective treatment.
• Juvenile: if it is discovered between 3 and 10 years of age.
• Teenager: If it is discovered after the age of 10.

Although its aetiology is not known, there are two factors that decisively influence the development of the deformity: the genetic-hereditary predisposition and growth, that is, the children of parents with scoliosis have a greater predisposition to develop the deformity, according to numerous genetic studies.

In the case of growth there are predominant factors that can help the appearance, among which we could highlight:

• Incorrect postures during pregnancy.
• Instrumentation in childbirth.
• Congenital torticollis.
• Cranial deformity or plagiocephaly.
• Hip dysplasia.
• Developmental disorders, such as poor growth cartilage formation.
• Asymmetry of the lower limbs.